Saturday, June 19, 2010
Kirant Mundhum
Kirat Mundhum (also Kirati Mundhum) is the religion of the Kirat peoples of Nepal. The practice is also known as Kirat Veda,Kirat VedaKirat-Ko Veda or Kirat Koved. According to some scholars, such as Tom Woodhatch, it is a blend of animism (e.g., ancestor worship (Sumnima/Paruhang)Saivite Hinduism,and Tibetan Buddhism.It is practiced by about 3.6% of the Nepali population. Before it was recognized as a religion on the Nepali census, 36% of the Kirati population followed the Kirant religion, but when it was recognized it increased to 73.9%, a 157% increase in the Mundhum or Kiranti Veda (also known as Peylan) is the religious scripture and folk literature of the Kirat people of Nepal, central to Kirat Mundhum. Mundhum means "the power of great strength" in the Kirati languages.The Mundhum covers many aspects of the Kirat culture, customs and traditions that existed before Vedic civilisation in South Asia. The Mundhum commands that the priests say that the Kirat family members used to be called "Devas".
The Mundhum for each tribe consists of customs, habits, rituals, traditions, and myths passed down from the Kirati tribe's ancestors.The Mundhum also distinguishes each Kiranti tribe from other Kiranti and non-Kirantis as well.
Mundhum is organised into two parts — Thungsap and Peysap. The Mundhum extends beyond religion, serving as a guide for culture, ritual and social values. Mundhum is written in ancient Kiranti languages and versions vary amongst the various Kirat tribes, serving as each tribe's distinctive culture and framing their social identity and unity in relation to other tribes and peoples.
The Mundhum is divided into two parts. The first is the Thungsap Mundhum and the second is the Peysap Mundhum. The Thungsap Mundhum is the original part and was originally passed down orally prior to the art of writing. It is referred to as the oral Mundhum in books. It was an epic recited in songs by the learned Sambas or poets. The Kirat priests in the beginning were called the Sambas where, Sam means song and, Ba means the one who (male) knows the Song or Sam. The Peysap Mundhum is a written book about religion. It is divided into four parts. They are the Soksok Mundhum, Yehang Mundhum, Sapji Mundhum and Sap Mundhum. The Soksok Mundhum contains the stories of creation of the universe, the beginning of mankind, the cause and effect of the sins, the creation of evil spirits, such as the evil spirits of Envy, Jealousy and Anger and the cause and effect of death in childhood.
Nepali Kiratis.
Limbu have their own distinct religion known as "Yuma Samyo" or "Yamaism", the believer of Supreme Almighty goddess "Tagera Ningwaphuma".
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